Home automation depends on communications protocols which are created to control the various electrical and electronic systems in your house. There are four main home automation players out there, each a little different, and they’re not all compatible with each other.

X-10

X-10 is a well-established home automation technology more than 30 years old. With X-10, there’s no need for new wiring because it transmits signals over electric power lines. However, this can make it susceptible to interference. One good thing about X-10 is that its control devices are available many places and at reasonable rates.

Z-Wave

Z-Wave is a wireless networking communications technology that was developed by Zensys. It is specifically designed for residential home automation as opposed to big business use. Z-Wave uses radio signals to send commands via a remote control to chips embedded in home automation devices such as door locks, thermostats, and lighting modules. Routing of the signals from one chip to the next makes the range limitless.

UPB

UPB was invented by Powerline Control Systems in 1999 and is an open protocol. It is a digital technology that transmits signals over power lines and was designed to replace X-10. Since it’s relatively new, the modules and controllers are just now starting to appear on the market.

Insteon

Insteon is the newest player, invented by Smarthome Inc. and just introduced in the summer of 2004. Insteon uses a combination of existing home wiring and RF technology. It works much faster than X-10 and is backwards compatible with older X-10 control devices. Insteon is designed to be incorporated in HVAC equipment, appliances, and garage door openers.
 

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